Arpana Caur, born in New Delhi in 1954, initially pursued literature, earning her post-graduation from Delhi University. Although she began studying painting at Central Saint Martins art college in London, she is largely self-taught. Influenced by her mother, renowned Punjabi writer Ajeet Cour, and exposure to literary luminaries like Amrita Pritam and Krishna Sobti, Caur's work is deeply rooted in literature.

Mysticism is a recurring theme in her art, often depicting Sufi saints and exploring spiritual and devotional poetry. Caur also addresses socio-political issues such as the Hiroshima bombing and violence against women, while frequently portraying the daily lives of women. Inspired by Pahari miniatures, she employs their pictorial space arrangements in her stylistic approach.

Caur's artistic achievements include receiving awards such as the 1984 All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society award and a gold medal at the sixth Triennale, Lalit Kala Akademi, in 1986. Alongside her mother, she co-founded the Academy of Fine Arts and Literature, which supports the education of underprivileged girls through her artwork.

Currently based in New Delhi, Caur continues to create impactful art that bridges the realms of literature and visual expression.